Pan Africanism - 1731 Words

Pan-Africanism and the Organization of African Unity Pan Africanism Definition Pan-Africanism is a sociopolitical worldview, and philosophy, as well as a movement, which seeks to unify both native Africans and those of the African Diaspora, as part of a global African community. Pan Africanism represents the aggregation of the historical, cultural, spiritual, artistic, scientific and philosophical legacies of Africans from past times to the present. Pan Africanism as an ethical system, traces its origins from ancient times, and promotes values that are the product of the African civilization and struggles against slavery, racism, colonialism, and neo-colonialism. Pan-Africanism is usually seen as†¦show more content†¦The key aims of the first conference were: To bring into closer touch with one another the peoples of African descent throughout the world T o inaugurate plans to bring about a more friendly relationship between Caucasian and African races To start moving to securing all African races living in civilized counties with full rights to promote their business interests. The success of this early conference was limited but it did set the wheels in motion for greater debate. For the first time the various elements of anti-colonial and anti racial movements were brought to the forefront and discussed in the public light. Dubois led the 1st Pan-African congress, which took place in Paris 1919, to discuss racial discrimination against colored troops stationed in France after WW1. The next major landmark in the history of Pan Africanism was the 1945 Manchester Pan Africanism Conference. For the first time the congress did not ask for recognition or favors from European powers. They unequivocally demanded an end to colonialism in Africa, in addition to demands for social justice and rights. All schemes of half freedom were rejected. The Manchester Congress gave an impetuous to the goal of achieving national independence. The next conference was in Ghana, this was aShow MoreRelatedThe Pan Africanism For Beginners1823 Words   |  8 Pages The Pan-African movement as described in Lemelle’s Pan-Africanism for Beginners is a set of ideas and ideologies containing social and cultural, political and economic, material and spiritual aspects. Each aspect is accompanied by a plethora of historical figures and terms unique to the movement described thoroughly in the text and the presented glossary. The piece makes it easy to understand all the information acc ompanying each topic. While it does have its strengths and weaknesses, the bookRead MoreThe Pan Africanism For Beginners1829 Words   |  8 PagesThe Pan-African movement as described in Lemelle’s Pan-Africanism for Beginners is a set of ideas and ideologies containing social and cultural, political and economic, material and spiritual aspects. Each aspect is accompanied by a plethora of historical figures and terms unique to the movement, well described throughout the text and in the presented glossary. This book makes it easy to understand all the information accompanying each topic. While it does have its strengths and weaknesses, thisRead MoreThe s Theory Of Pan Africanism1347 Words   |  6 Pagesin the Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements. Theories developed by Garvey inspired millions as he lectured about self-reliance and liberation of blacks to embark on the back-to-Africa movement. Achieving the goal of black liberation fueled the arguments presented b y Marcus Garvey. Garvey’s theory of Pan-Africanism proved to be a dominant force in the unification of the African community. Throughout this essay, I will respond to the notion of Pan-Africanism, Garvey’s Ideologies, and hisRead MorePan Africanism For Beginners Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesSid Lemelle hoped for his book, Pan-Africanism for Beginners, to be a comprehensive guide to the complex concept of Pan-Africanism. Lemelle begins the book by broadly defining Pan-Africanism to mean the inclusion of â€Å"all people of African ancestry living in continental Africa and throughout the world.† This definition sets the foundation for his analysis of Pan-Africanism. Pan-Africanism for Beginners explores the major leaders and events associated with Pan-African sentiments chronologically. TheRead MorePan Africanism : The Black Social, Intellectual, And Political Realities1514 Words   |  7 PagesPan-Africanism Pan-Africanism signifies the difficulties of black social, intellectual, and political notions over a two hundred year span. What establishes Pan-Africanism, on the basic level, is the unity of Africans worldwide. Pan-Africanists believe that the African people in its entirety, which includes the Diaspora and the African continent, does not just share common beginnings but also a common destiny. (Asante, 1976, p. 97) This ideology of an intertwined past and future of all the AfricanRead MoreAfrican Americans And Its Impact On Society1589 Words   |  7 Pageswhite people to fit in and be considered as good but that didn’t work and people were stilled looked down upon. Pan-Africanism, the idea that peoples of African descent have common interests and should be unified. Historically, Pan-Africanism has often taken the shape of a political or cultural movement. There are many varieties of Pan-Africanism. In its narrowest political manifestation, Pan-Africanists envision a unified African nation where all people of the African diaspora can live. (African diasporaRead MoreThe Pan African Significance Of The Obama Administration3061 Words   |  13 PagesThe Pan-African significance of the Obama administration, Obama the offspring of a Kenyan engulfed in a bi-racial reality (thus rendering him sensitive to multiculturalism) who fulfills the dream of an oppressed people, has been the perceived unification of both the African continent and the diaspora. However, the term Pan-Africanism comes to stir strong feedback because there is no consensual agreement on what it is. W.E.B. DuBois, in the 1930s, defined Pan-Africanism as a movement aimed at anRead M oreCapitalism Is A System Of Economic Enterprise Based On Market Exchange1403 Words   |  6 Pagesnumerous ways. Dubois, Garvey and Rodney were the voices of the black movement around the world. For instance, W.E.B Dubois strongly believed that capitalism was the primary cause of racism. Dubois was a sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, and Pan-Africanist. He examined the geopolitical shifts in Europe, its colonies, as well as in the United States after the First World War in order to assess the interrelations of race and labor. Dubois strongly believed that labor was connected to salary andRead MoreUnited We Stand, Divided We Fall1196 Words   |  5 Pagesmilitary and defense strategy, and a unified foreign policy and diplomacy. Sharing the same continent and being divided economically and politically, will eventually becomes a problem amongst Africans. Although the delegates that attended the Third Pan-African Congress were idealists, for the first time, the men gained experience of working together as a unit. Nkrumah intends for the African people to collaborate and â€Å"unify our efforts, our skills, our resources, and intentions.† Nkrumah used bothRead MorePresident Nkrumah s The Fight Against Imperialism958 Words   |  4 Pages Kwame Ture’s ideologies were built heavily on top of the foundation laid down by Kwame Nkrumah. Kwame Ture generated knowledge within America about neocolonialism and worked passionately to achieve African liberation. Ture is credited with Pan Africanism and the Black Power movement in the Americas. Black Power according to Ture is a part of the world’s rebellion of the â€Å"oppressed from the oppressor, the exploiter from the exploited†. Black Power was also a way for the African continent and all

What I Learned About My English Class During My Senior...

Over the course of time, I have learned that learning is essential if you want to be successful. Whether it is about life skills or school, learning is a habit that everyone uses in a way to become successful. One of my main goals is to obtain the most out of college so that I can input what I learn in school in the outside world. Meaning that I want to learn as much as I possibly can in any course, especially in this course. I expected this course to be a review of my English class during my senior year of high school, but I extended on what I had previously learned about English. As this semester of ENG 111 ends, I can say that I have improved skills that involve grammar, structuring a paragraph with supporting details, and opening my†¦show more content†¦Reading about music, or anything that caught my interest, also changed the way I felt about reading. I could even consider myself a fluent reader at this point of life and only plan on improving. Improvement to my grammar is the second area I’ve developed in this course. â€Å"It’s the little things that matter†, said by many people, and the way this relates to my second reasoning is due to the fact little grammatical errors matter too. When writing papers, I learned the skill to reread my sentences repeatedly, and see if it sounds right as an overall sentence. This skill, not only helped improve my writing, but also my texting. Improving my grammar is also useful when creating a resume, and applying for jobs and even scholarships. Overall, it is a skill I am pleased I learned to develop, and hope it improves even more over time. When it comes to thinking of how I should structure a song, I think of how I structure a paragraph. Over the course of time I learned new ways to add ideas onto a paragraph that relate to my topic. Many of my friends always complain about how their essays require so many words to write about, and question how they’re going to come up with supporting details and ideas related to the topic. I always explain to my friends how I never seem to struggle with supporting details or ideas because I always find a way to relate to the topic. I am proud I was given this natural gift because IShow MoreRelatedMy First Year Of High School923 Words   |  4 Pagesyou ever wondered what you do every day mean something? Well, it does mean something. Whatever you are doing prior to today will relate to your future. When that happens, you will feel wonderful and proud to have learned and known that something. During my senior year of high school, I discovered everything I learned prior to that y ear would relate to my future. Writing essays every day helped me to be accustomed to writing. Reading something every day will helped me because that I would learn newRead MoreSenioritis: High School and Marking Period1362 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Josh Springer Professor Condor English 101 4 September 2013 Senior Year Struggles Senioritis is a common term frequently used to describe the typical behavior of a senior in high school. This term stands for the typical laziness seniors get accustomed to during their last year of high school, and it is a terrible habit. Most seniors display some form of this laziness, and it typically still does not affect students too much. However, for some people with severe traits of senioritis, it canRead MoreMy First Class - Original Writing896 Words   |  4 Pageshow to respond I just handed him the paper I got from the office. He then shook my hand and directed me to my first class. Continuing on Monday, January 12, 2009, my first class in America. I walked into my first class, and it felt like the whole paused to look at me. For a second the teacher didn’t notice me walking in, she saw the student look at the door, and she approached me with the most welcoming face. The whole time the man that approached me and the teacher talking about me, the studentRead MoreThe Freedom Writers And Romeo And Juliet905 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish classes have always been a requirement at the two schools I attended, Century Community Charter Middle School and Animo Inglewood High School. Every year in middle school and in High School english would be on my schedule, sometimes even with two different english classes a year. We read different writing pieces, wrote essays, and learned techniques that help us develop our reading and writing skills. In middle school the writing tasks were easier and funner than high school. We read booksRead MoreQuestions On Senior Year Of Highschool938 Words   |  4 PagesSenior year of highschool is time to decide where you will continue your education career, but it is also the last chance for you to fix your writing and study skills. When your annoying English teacher gives you an assignment that looks daunting because the page count and the list of sources we have to use. Not only was this assignment given in the last semester of my high school career, but it was a necessary because I learned key things about writing a paper. The things I learned is what can helpRead MoreStudying The Culinary Art Half My School Day1102 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I was in High School I attended the Atlantic County Institute of Technology (ACIT) studying the culinary art half my school day while the other half of my school day was spent at my home school Mainland Regional High School (MRHS). I was offered t his delightful program due to the fact I was labeled as having ADD during middle school. This vignette is not about my time at ACIT cut rather my label as being ADD and the final realization that culminated during a single month of my senior year EnglishRead MoreA Study On The Culinary Arts990 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I was in High School I attended Atlantic County Institute of Technology (ACIT) studying the culinary arts half my school day, and the other half was spent at Mainland Regional High School (MRHS). I was offered this program due to the fact I was labeled as having ADD at the time. This vignette is not about my ADD or my horrible experience at ACIT, but about about one single month of my senior year English class. The year had whirled by and it was almost summer, but when it was time to read ShakespeareRead MoreMy Life With English Education957 Words   |  4 Pages My life with English English didn t just begin with high school. I had a rough start with English and reading in elementary school. This is where it begins for me. Elementary school teachers, to me, are the beginning of our English education. I am sure that I learned my ABC s in Kindergarten, but even having to move around every two years for the military, it was difficult to pinpoint when I learned what. I do remember that I didn t learn how to read until the latter part of 1st grade,Read MoreEntering The Halls Of Education1293 Words   |  6 Pages I decided to enter the halls of education because I work well with a controlling and leadership title and, being controlling, I decided to use that into good energy. Another reason I have decided to go into the field of education as well is to make myself more marketable after graduation. Other than that, I wanted to be in the setting of adolescents because I have had my experience with early childhood education and did not want to stop at that level o f teaching. My experience of four years in anRead MoreReflection Paper On Grade School948 Words   |  4 Pageschallenge for me in grade school that quickly turned into a fear. I believe it became a fear because I was unsure of myself and my ability to understand the purpose of writing. Throughout grade school, I struggled to write and complete book reports and essays. It was not until I reached High School that I began to fully understand the concept of writing. During the last weeks of my sophomore year at Beachwood High School, I was assigned to write a reflective essay. In that essay I was responsible for writing

The Impacts of Gender Roles for Society in Advertising Free Essays

The impacts of gender roles for society in advertising There are lots of social roles that a person has to perform during his or her life time. The most clear and basic role is gender role. A gender role is a set of social and behavioral norms that are generally considered appropriate for either a man or a woman in a social or interpersonal relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impacts of Gender Roles for Society in Advertising or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gender roles are widely between cultures and even in the same cultural tradition have differed over time and context. Most societies regulate different behavior pattern and social value regarding to gender, therefore consumer’s behavior cater for their gender role image. Men and women roles and how the roles are defined and described in the advertisement can affect individual acceptors, public’s consciousness, behavior pattern and the social system. There are three impacts of gender roles for society in advertising. First of all, the gender role can make the fixed idea and change. In most societies, the members of societies have similar thought about a series of characteristics that the gender has. We call that fixed idea of gender roles. the fixed idea is socially shared belief and excessively simplified belief in matters of the specific target. Every society has the simplified idea about men and women and the fixed idea which regulate personality and role regarding to the gender. For example, the fixed idea about women is that women are passive, sensible, dependent, lacking in patience and internally sensitive. Vice versa, the fixed idea about men is that men are active, ideal, independent and possible for mind control. This fixed idea about men and women provided background that divide men and women role. Through the characteristic role, men work outside and women work inside for their life, and the polarization of the gender role is accepted as the best way for their work and family. This fixed idea is accepted as a natural result for a long time. People could not realize that they have the fixed idea because this idea exists everywhere of society. However, now, realization of the gender roles in advertisement is changed according to the passing of time. Before women’s liberation, the fixed idea about the gender role was believed as natural phenomenon and what is bred in the bone. The pioneer of women’s liberation claim that women’s potential power and ability had been restricted because they be bred true to the fixed idea about the gender role. Also, we delude ourselves that physical, psychological and social characteristic according to the gender is real, and we define what men are and what women are. Also, we delude ourselves that physical, psychological and social characteristic according to the gender is real, and we define what men are and what women are. The fixed idea is always exaggeratedly simplified, and sometimes could be totally wrong. Also, the fixed idea exaggerates or minimizes difference between groups. The fixed idea about the gender role makes men look as if they are similar even if actually they are very different each other, so do women. Finally, the fixed idea can be usually used to justify prejudice and discrimination to member of some groups. This distorted fixed idea about the gender role cannot reflect the image of the gender role properly in modern time. Secondary, the concept of androgyny comes to the fore. According to the radical change of society, the concept of the gender role becomes changed. Androgyny is at the head of the change. Bem(1974) rendered the concept of androgyny for the first time. It means that the two character coexistent in one person. In other words, androgyny has manhood and femininity. Through the study about people who have the fixed idea about the gender role, androgyny people are more ethical, self-respected, and stable than them who have the fixed idea about the gender role(Block, 1973; Bem;amp; Lenny, 1976; Kyoungsuk Park, 1988; Jeongeun Lee, 1991;Sujung Seo), and androgyny people are more flexible and practical and have more information-processing capacity. These studies confirm the value of androgyny. As a result, the concept of androgyny develops our society and diversifies industry. Third is socialization of gender role image. Women’s role image in an advertisement affects learning of women’s social role, namely women are affected their socialization by an advertisement. It shows how much mass media and advertisement is an important information source to women. We can guess that mass media and advertisement affects consumer to form mold about other world if the mass media or the advertisement is considered as the optimum conditions for effective learning, cultural environment. Social scientists point out that the gender role description in an advertisement applies leverage on thought about society. An advertisement had a tremendous impact on a consumer when the role or image of the character is a role model. Today, day by day, we are living in numerous advertisements. Gender roles that appear in the advertisement can change our traditional stereotypes. The advertisement appeared to reflect social change traditional stereotypes Image and appearance are mixed gender role images appear in the advertisements today. People realized that the concept of androgyny is better than a fixed idea of gender roles. Moreover, socialization of gender roles has become an important issue in our society. Image to adhere to traditional gender roles, women’s social activity and a surge in traditional gender roles than in the past, the position is improved according to the hypothetical social change gradually, and social roles that appear in the structure, major changes are reflected in a market economy, the advertising is the side effects that are not suitable. Fixed according to gender in advertisements, when you think that advertising is having a big impact on the value formation of children as well as the function of promoting the sale of goods and as a medium of socialization with the public over an image or a negative image of women reassurance that the portrayal is not a desirable thing. Exercise and develop human potential is an important factor which is responsible for its leading role, the mass media and advertising, and the stereotypes tied to the gender roles of society be reshaped. Advertising like a mirror reflects a social phenomenon and as a pathway for changing gender roles in this society, the society and culture of that era and the social interaction that leads to the development direction because they share two features to create a new culture will be able to. Reference Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155-162. Yijeongeun (1991). Study of Learned Helplessness in ministering to college studentof identity and attribution according to the type of Sookmyung Women’s University Graduate School Master’s thesis. How to cite The Impacts of Gender Roles for Society in Advertising, Papers

Short and Long-Run Macroeconomic Equilibrium - Free Sample Solution

Question: Discuss about the Short and Long-Run Macroeconomic Equilibrium. Answer: Introduction In the determination of an equilibrium level, both the supply and demand curves are put into consideration. In the whole economy, this determination involves the analysis on the aggregate demand and the aggregate supply. The AD is responsive to prices at all levels and hence it slopes downwards; meaning that demand goes down as price rises. This argument is based on the fact that it is obtained by combining all the individual demands in the economy; individual demand curves slope downwards. In an exception scenario, this paper shall also show that price is not a major factor explaining the slope of the AD. However, when we get to the aggregate supply, we shall note that the curve is upward sloping meaning that supply goes up as price rises. This however is only observed in the short run; in the long run, the supply curve tend to be vertical meaning that a further increase in the price level will not stimulate an additional increment in the quantity supplied (Gwartney, Macpherson, Sob el, Stroup, 2006). It is a combination of individual supply curves in an economy whose slope is positive. The vertical AS curve is the optimal level of the output supplied in an economy (Mankiw, 2016). The AD curve, the AS in the short run and the AS in the long run intersects at a certain point. This is the point considered by many economists as the macroeconomic equilibrium. It is an essential condition that the three curves intersect for the economy to be considered stable. The short run AS curve is important as it shows that there is a possibility for the production level to deviate from the optimal level (Hubbard, Garnett, Lewis, O'Brien, 2012). The deviation could take any side. I.e. it can be a reduction in the output supplied or there can be a surplus production beyond the optimum level. The AS in the long run indicates the position of the optimum level. The reason explaining the need for the three curves to intersect is that there is an assumption that any deviation from the optimum level is only temporary as after sometime a recovery back to the optimum level is observed. The slope of each is explained by the following arguments. The first is the slope of the AD where economists argue against price as the major determinant. The argument is that only the money supply can be held constant as it is impossible to hold constant the income earned by households and the prices for other goods that they demand. There are three major factors related to the negative slope of the AD; the origination of the employment of these factors begins with the price change though. The three factors are; wealth effect, interest rate effect and net export effect. As price go up, the wealth held by households lose its purchasing value. Since the households income become insufficient to cater for the initial demand level, the demand falls. This is the point where the interest rate effect comes in; the insufficiency of income creates a need for borrowing from lending institutions. The fact that money supply is assumed not to vary leaves a room only for the interest rate to rise as the money demand rises. The cost of servicing debt goes up and households avoid borrowing and opt to cut their demand instead. The last factor is based on what the component of AD constitutes. The AD is derived by AD = C + I + G + (X-M). Any change in either of these components cause a change in AD. In our case we are considering the net export effect. High domestic prices raises the need for more importing. Since domestic goods are sold at a high price, other economies demand less exports. An increment in imports and a cut in exports reduces the size of the net export component causing the AD to fall. The above diagram is a representation of the point where the equilibrium in the macroeconomics is reached. The equilibrium point is at B where price is 1.14 and real GDP is 12000. The production beyond optimal is represented by shifting of demand curve from point B to point A to the right of the optimal level (McEachern, 2009). The production below optimal is represented by AD shifting from B to point C to the left of the optimal level. According to Tucker (2010) the long run AS curve is vertical since all the resources in the economy are taken to be fully employed. The short run AS curve slope upward because factors such as wages and prices remain sticky in the short run (Boyes Melvin, 2013). For instance the inability for a worker to negotiate price increment in the long run lowers the real wage causing a need to employ more workers. The ratio in which nominal wage is raised in the short run may be different; workers may receive an increment in nominal wage at a ratio that is unequal to the price increment and have a wrong perception that the real wage has been raised. This boosts their morale for supplying more. Production below capacity is represented by AD shift from AD to AD2. Lower demand causes price to fall. Lower price lower production cost and results in a higher supply shifting SRAS1 to SRAS2. This is a shift back to macroeconomic equilibrium but price is lower. As AD rises from AD1 to AD2, the price goes up and production cost increase. This results in supply falling from SRAS1 to SRAS2 back to equilibrium but the price is higher. Conclusion This paper has an important analysis that shows there is a possibility of the quantity supplied in an economy being above the optimum level. Both positive and negative deviations from the optimum are recovered after sometime as the production continue to occur. The common intersection point is therefore to affirm that an economy has a potential to produce beyond the optimal point after full employment of all the production of resources. It is also meant to show that the production beyond optimal is not possible to maintain and the economy moves back to the initial equilibrium (optimal point). The AD is sloping downward since consumers ability to pay is reduced as price rise both in the short and the long run. References Boyes, J. Melvin, M. (2013). Economics. Australia: Cengage Learning South-Western. Gwartney, D., Macpherson, A., Sobel, S., Stroup, L. (2006). Economics: Private and public choice. Mason, Ohio [u.a.: Thomson/South Western. Investopedia (2016). Short and Long-run Macroeconomic Equilibrium - CFA Level 1 | Investopedia. (2016). Investopedia. Retrieved 20 January 2017, from https://www.investopedia.com/exam-guide/cfa-level-1/macroeconomics/short-long-macroeconomic-equilibrium.asp Hubbard, R., Garnett, A., Lewis, P., O'Brien, A. (2012). Essentials of economics (1st Ed.). AU: Pearson Higher Education. Mankiw, G. (2016). Business Economics. Cengage Learning. McEachern, W. A. (2009). Macroeconomics: A contemporary introduction. Mason [Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Tucker, B. (2010). Macroeconomics for today. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Umn.edu (2017). 22.2 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply: The Long Run and the Short Run | Principles of Economics. (2017). Open.lib.umn.edu. Retrieved 20 January 2017, from https://open.lib.umn.edu/principleseconomics/chapter/22-2-aggregate-demand-and-aggregate-supply-the-long-run-and-the-short-run/.